Why ending homelessness also means tackling modern slavery

Homelessness and modern slavery are deeply interconnected. As efforts to end homelessness gain momentum, it is crucial to recognise how housing insecurity can increase vulnerability to exploitation.

We welcome Prime Minister Andy Burnham’s commitment to ending homelessness and recognise the importance of ensuring everyone has access to safe, stable housing. 

Homelessness is often discussed as a housing issue, but for many people it is also closely linked to vulnerability, exploitation, and modern slavery. If we are serious about ending homelessness, we must also understand and address the risks that can accompany it. 

Ongoing economic pressures and the rising cost of living are leaving many people struggling to make ends meet. Financial hardship, insecure work, debt, and housing instability can all increase vulnerability, creating circumstances that exploiters can take advantage of. People experiencing homelessness, or those at risk of losing their homes, are often targeted by individuals who offer what appears to be support, accommodation, or employment. 

False promises of housing, work, financial support, or a sense of security can be used to manipulate people into situations of labour exploitation, sexual exploitation, criminal exploitation, or other forms of modern slavery. This can affect anyone, including UK nationals, who, in the latest Modern Slavery & Exploitation Helpline Annual Assessment, continue to be identified as potential victims of modern slavery. 

At the same time, modern slavery can also be a cause of homelessness. Survivors frequently leave exploitative situations with nowhere safe to go, creating an urgent need for accommodation, support, and specialist services. Without this support, individuals may face ongoing vulnerability and an increased risk of re exploitation. 

Data from the Modern Slavery & Exploitation Helpline highlights the scale of this connection. Alongside identifying homelessness as a key vulnerability factor for people at risk of exploitation, Helpline data also shows that exploitation itself can contribute to housing insecurity. Individuals may lose accommodation while being controlled by exploiters, be forced to leave unsafe living situations, or struggle to access housing after escaping exploitation. In this way, modern slavery is not only linked to homelessness but can actively drive it. 

During 2025, the Helpline indicated 575 potential victims across 461 cases of exploitation who were affected by homelessness. These figures demonstrate that homelessness and modern slavery are not separate challenges. They are often interconnected with each increasing the risk of the other.  

Addressing these issues requires coordinated responses from housing providers, local authorities, frontline services, policymakers, and anti-slavery organisations. By recognising the two-way relationship between homelessness and exploitation, services can be better equipped to identify risk, provide early intervention, and support people before they fall into crisis. 

At Unseen, we see first-hand how housing insecurity can increase vulnerability to exploitation and how survivors of modern slavery can face homelessness when escaping abuse. That is why collaboration across sectors is essential. 

As policymakers and local leaders develop strategies to reduce and prevent homelessness, we encourage them to consider the role that exploitation and modern slavery can play. By addressing both issues together, we can help create safer communities and ensure fewer people fall through the gaps where exploitation thrives. 

Only by tackling the root causes of vulnerability can we build lasting solutions for those most at risk. 

If you would like to learn more and support Unseen’s work to end modern slavery and exploitation, sign up to our newsletter. Gain insights on policy updates, latest campaigns, and opportunities for you to take action and support survivors. 

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Justine Currell

As I came to understand more about the issue, including through a visit to an Unseen safehouse, I knew I needed to do more to stop this abuse and exploitation.

For the last five years of my Civil Service career, I was the Modern Slavery Senior Policy Advisor in the Home Office and led on development of the Modern Slavery Act, including the transparency in supply chains provision and business guidance.

I joined Unseen to lead the development of the Modern Slavery & Exploitation Helpline, and Unseen’s work with businesses. I am regularly called upon to present at national and international conferences and use my experience of working with Ministers to influence other governments internationally to take action to address modern slavery and, in particular, business supply chain issues.

In my spare time I enjoy keeping fit, music, reading and travelling.

Andrew Wallis

What ultimately compelled me to act was a report on how people from Eastern Europe were being trafficked through Bristol airport to the USA. Kate Garbers, who went on to be an Unseen Director, and I wrote to all the city councillors, MPs and the Police Chief Constable challenging them on the issue. The challenge came back to us: this city needs safe housing for trafficked women. And so Unseen began.

But we never wanted Unseen to be just about safe housing. We wanted to end slavery once and for all, and that remains our driving focus.

I chaired the working group for the Centre for Social Justice’s landmark report “It Happens Here: Equipping the United Kingdom to Fight Modern Slavery”. This is now acknowledged as the catalyst behind the UK’s Modern Slavery Act of 2015. It was a great honour to be awarded an OBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours that year. On the other hand, I’ve also been described as “the loveliest disrupter you could ever hope to meet”.

This job has taken me from building flat-pack furniture for safehouses, to working with businesses to address slavery in supply chains, to delivering training, raising awareness and advising governments around the world.

When not at work, I enjoy travelling, spending time with my dog Harley, cooking, supporting Liverpool and Yorkshire CC, music (I’m a former DJ) and endurance events such as the Three Peaks Challenge and Tribe Freedom Runs – which I vow never to do again. Until the next time.